Processing Biomass Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES)

Abstract

Biomass is an organic matter derived from plants and animals and a potential sustainable energy source and chemicals. However, traditional methods of processing biomass can be costly, time-consuming, and environmentally harmful. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) present a sustainable and efficient alternative for biomass processing. DES is a green solvent that can dissolve various organic and inorganic substances, offering many benefits over conventional solvents. DES is non-toxic, biodegradable, and can be made from sustainable resources, which makes it an environmentally friendly choice. The methodology used to review is traditional narrative review. Stages of research carried out by identifying problems related to synthesis and characterization, and also its use on processing biomass energy. The results of the journal review show that DES solvent can be synthesized by heating method, evaporation method, and cooling method with a molar ratio between HBA : HBD which is 1:2. The resulting DES solvent characterization results depend on the HBA and HBD used. The results of the analysis show that DES solvent can be used to separate lignin from biomass, but the effectiveness of this lignin separation can be affected by the HBD functional groups and the hydrocarbon chains of the HBA and HBD components used.